[ { "id": "eu-ai-act", "name": "EU AI Act", "jurisdiction": "European Union", "status": "In Force (phased application)", "signed_date": "2024-06-13", "effective_date": "2024-08-01", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2025-02-02", "description": "Prohibited AI practices take effect", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2025-08-02", "description": "GPAI model obligations + governance framework", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2026-08-02", "description": "High-risk AI system obligations (Annex III)", "status": "Upcoming" }, { "date": "2027-08-02", "description": "High-risk AI system obligations (Annex I — products)", "status": "Upcoming" } ], "scope": "All AI systems placed on the EU market, regardless of where developed. Risk-based tiers: unacceptable risk (banned), high-risk (strict obligations), limited risk (transparency), minimal risk (no obligations).", "penalties": "Up to €35M or 7% of global annual turnover (whichever higher) for prohibited practices. Up to €15M or 3% for other violations.", "key_requirements": [ "Risk assessment and mitigation for high-risk systems", "Data governance and training data quality", "Technical documentation and logging", "Transparency and user information", "Human oversight requirements", "Accuracy, robustness, and cybersecurity", "Conformity assessment before market placement", "Post-market monitoring", "GPAI model systemic risk assessment (if thresholds met)" ], "affected_entities": "AI providers, deployers, importers, and distributors operating in the EU", "enforcement_body": "AI Office (EU-level) + national competent authorities", "sources": [ "https://artificialintelligenceact.eu", "https://eur-lex.europa.eu" ], "tags": [ "eu", "comprehensive", "risk-based", "high-impact" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "us-colorado-ai-act", "name": "Colorado AI Act (SB 24-205)", "jurisdiction": "Colorado, USA", "status": "Enacted (effective Feb 1, 2026)", "signed_date": "2024-05-17", "effective_date": "2026-02-01", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2026-02-01", "description": "High-risk AI system obligations take effect", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems used to make consequential decisions about Colorado consumers.", "penalties": "Attorney General enforcement; civil penalties up to $20,000 per violation.", "key_requirements": [ "Risk assessment for high-risk AI systems", "Transparency to consumers affected by AI decisions", "Impact assessments documenting risks of discrimination", "Annual review and updating of impact assessments", "Disclosures to consumers when interacting with AI" ], "affected_entities": "AI developers and deployers doing business in Colorado", "enforcement_body": "Colorado Attorney General", "sources": [ "https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205" ], "tags": [ "us-state", "colorado", "consequential-decisions", "first-us-state-ai-law" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "us-exec-order-14179", "name": "US Executive Order 14179 — AI Infrastructure", "jurisdiction": "United States (Federal)", "status": "In Effect", "signed_date": "2025-01-23", "effective_date": "2025-01-23", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2025-01-23", "description": "Order signed — policy directives issued", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2025-07-23", "description": "180-day deadline for agency AI action plans", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Federal policy to sustain and enhance America's AI dominance. Directs agencies to remove barriers to AI innovation. Rescinded Biden-era EO 14110.", "penalties": "Non-binding — policy directive, not criminal statute", "key_requirements": [ "Agencies must submit AI action plans within 180 days", "Review and rescind policies that hinder AI innovation", "Promote AI infrastructure development", "Maintain US leadership in AI" ], "affected_entities": "All federal agencies", "enforcement_body": "White House (OMB coordination)", "sources": [ "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions" ], "tags": [ "us-federal", "policy", "pro-innovation", "infrastructure" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "uk-ai-regulatory-principles", "name": "UK AI Regulatory Framework", "jurisdiction": "United Kingdom", "status": "In Effect (principles-based, sectoral)", "signed_date": "2024-02-06", "effective_date": "2024-02-06", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2024-02-06", "description": "Regulatory principles published", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2025-09-01", "description": "AI Safety Institute expanded mandate", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Sector-specific regulation by existing regulators (Ofcom, FCA, ICO, etc.) under cross-cutting principles. No single AI law — principles-based approach.", "penalties": "Varies by sector regulator — up to existing regulatory maximums", "key_requirements": [ "Safety, security and robustness", "Transparency and explainability", "Fairness", "Accountability and governance", "Contestability and redress", "Redress mechanism for affected parties" ], "affected_entities": "AI developers and deployers in UK-regulated sectors", "enforcement_body": "Sector regulators (FCA, Ofcom, ICO, CMA, MHRA)", "sources": [ "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications" ], "tags": [ "uk", "principles-based", "sectoral", "flexible" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "china-genai-measures", "name": "China Generative AI Measures", "jurisdiction": "China", "status": "In Effect", "signed_date": "2023-07-13", "effective_date": "2023-08-15", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2023-08-15", "description": "Generative AI measures take effect", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2024-03-01", "description": "Deep synthesis (deepfake) regulations", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2024-10-01", "description": "AI labelling requirements", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Generative AI services offered to the Chinese public. Content moderation, training data requirements, model registration.", "penalties": "Fines, service suspension, license revocation", "key_requirements": [ "Training data legality and labelling", "Content moderation aligned with Chinese law", "Model registration with CAC for public-facing services", "Security assessment for systems with public opinion capabilities", "User identity verification", "Transparent disclosure of AI-generated content" ], "affected_entities": "Generative AI service providers in China", "enforcement_body": "Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC)", "sources": [ "http://www.cac.gov.cn" ], "tags": [ "china", "generative-ai", "content-moderation", "strict" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "california-sb-1047-vetoed", "name": "California SB 1047 (Vetoed)", "jurisdiction": "California, USA", "status": "Vetoed", "signed_date": "2024-09-29", "effective_date": "N/A — Vetoed by Governor Newsom", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2024-09-29", "description": "Vetoed by Governor Newsom", "status": "Vetoed" }, { "date": "2025-01-01", "description": "Would have taken effect if signed", "status": "N/A" } ], "scope": "Would have regulated frontier AI models (>$100M training cost). Required safety assessments, kill switches, and liability for catastrophic harm.", "penalties": "Would have imposed civil penalties up to 10% of training cost for first violation.", "key_requirements": [ "Would have required safety assessments before deployment", "Would have mandated kill switch capability", "Would have created liability for catastrophic harm events", "Would have required third-party audits for frontier models" ], "affected_entities": "Would have affected frontier AI developers in California", "enforcement_body": "Would have been California Attorney General + Frontier Model Division", "sources": [ "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov" ], "tags": [ "california", "vetoed", "frontier-models", "precedent" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "california-sb-53", "name": "California SB 53 — Frontier Model Safety", "jurisdiction": "California, USA", "status": "In Effect", "signed_date": "2025-10-11", "effective_date": "2026-01-01", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2025-10-11", "description": "Signed by Governor Newsom", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "description": "Safety incident reporting requirements take effect", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2027-01-01", "description": "Critical model safety assessments required", "status": "Upcoming" } ], "scope": "Regulates frontier AI models — requires safety incident reporting, critical model safety assessments, and AI emergency response planning. Successor framework to vetoed SB 1047 with narrower scope.", "penalties": "Civil penalties up to $100,000 per violation for failure to report safety incidents.", "key_requirements": [ "Mandatory safety incident reporting for critical AI models", "Safety assessments for models exceeding compute thresholds", "Whistleblower protections for AI lab employees", "AI emergency response plan development", "Third-party safety evaluation for frontier models" ], "affected_entities": "Frontier AI developers training models above defined compute thresholds in California", "enforcement_body": "California Attorney General + California AI Safety Task Force", "sources": [ "https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov", "https://www.gov.ca.gov" ], "tags": [ "california", "frontier-models", "safety", "incident-reporting" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "texas-traiga", "name": "Texas TRAIGA (Texas Responsible AI Governance Act)", "jurisdiction": "Texas, USA", "status": "Enacted (effective 2026)", "signed_date": "2025-06-20", "effective_date": "2026-01-01", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2025-06-20", "description": "Signed by Governor Abbott", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "description": "TRAIGA takes effect — establishes Texas AI Council", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Establishes the Texas Artificial Intelligence Council. Requires AI system inventories for state agencies, risk assessments for high-risk AI, and transparency requirements. Pro-innovation approach with guardrails.", "penalties": "State agency compliance enforced by Texas AI Council; private sector penalties TBD by council rules.", "key_requirements": [ "State agencies must inventory all AI systems in use", "Risk assessments for high-impact AI systems", "Transparency disclosures for AI interactions", "Establishment of Texas AI Council for oversight", "Annual reporting on AI usage and risks", "Prohibition of AI for social scoring" ], "affected_entities": "Texas state agencies and private sector AI developers/deployers", "enforcement_body": "Texas Artificial Intelligence Council (TAIC)", "sources": [ "https://capitol.texas.gov", "https://www.gov.texas.gov" ], "tags": [ "texas", "us-state", "governance", "pro-innovation", "ai-council" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "nyc-local-law-144", "name": "NYC Local Law 144 — AI Hiring Tools", "jurisdiction": "New York City, USA", "status": "In Effect", "signed_date": "2021-12-11", "effective_date": "2023-07-05", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2023-07-05", "description": "Enforcement begins — bias audits required", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Regulates automated employment decision tools (AEDTs) used in NYC. Requires annual independent bias audits and transparency to job candidates.", "penalties": "Civil penalties: $500 for first violation, $1,500+ for subsequent violations per day.", "key_requirements": [ "Annual independent bias audit of AI hiring tools", "Public summary of audit results", "Advance notice to candidates of AI tool use", "Disclosure of job qualifications used by the AI tool", "Retention of audit documentation" ], "affected_entities": "Employers and employment agencies using AI tools in NYC hiring decisions", "enforcement_body": "NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP)", "sources": [ "https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page" ], "tags": [ "nyc", "us-local", "hiring", "bias-audit", "employment", "first-us-ai-enforcement" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "illinois-hb-3773", "name": "Illinois HB 3773 — AI in Employment", "jurisdiction": "Illinois, USA", "status": "Enacted", "signed_date": "2024-08-09", "effective_date": "2026-06-01", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2024-08-09", "description": "Signed by Governor Pritzker", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "description": "AI employment provisions take effect", "status": "Upcoming" } ], "scope": "Regulates AI use in employment decisions, including hiring, firing, and discipline. Requires employer notification, prohibits AI-based discrimination, and mandates record-keeping.", "penalties": "Civil penalties under Illinois Human Rights Act; up to $50,000 per violation.", "key_requirements": [ "Employer notification to employees and applicants of AI use", "Prohibition of AI-based discrimination on protected classes", "Record-keeping of AI system decisions", "Impact assessments for high-risk employment AI", "Compliance with Illinois Human Rights Act for AI systems" ], "affected_entities": "Illinois employers using AI in employment decisions", "enforcement_body": "Illinois Department of Human Rights (IDHR)", "sources": [ "https://www.ilga.gov", "https://www2.illinois.gov/idhr" ], "tags": [ "illinois", "us-state", "employment", "anti-discrimination", "notice" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "south-korea-ai-basic-act", "name": "South Korea AI Basic Act", "jurisdiction": "South Korea", "status": "In Effect", "signed_date": "2025-12-27", "effective_date": "2026-01-10", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2025-12-27", "description": "Enacted by National Assembly", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2026-01-10", "description": "AI Basic Act takes effect", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "description": "High-impact AI obligations take effect", "status": "Upcoming" } ], "scope": "Comprehensive AI law covering AI development, deployment, and governance. Establishes AI Committee, requires transparency for high-impact AI, and promotes AI industry support. First comprehensive AI law in Asia.", "penalties": "Fines up to KRW 50M (approximately $37,000) for violations; up to 3 years imprisonment for serious violations.", "key_requirements": [ "Transparency obligations for high-impact AI systems", "Risk assessment for high-impact AI", "Human oversight for critical AI decisions", "AI impact assessment for public-sector AI", "Establishment of national AI committee", "AI industry support and R&D promotion", "Data protection and privacy safeguards" ], "affected_entities": "AI developers and deployers in South Korea, including foreign companies serving Korean users", "enforcement_body": "AI Committee + Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT)", "sources": [ "https://www.msit.go.kr", "https://www.law.go.kr" ], "tags": [ "south-korea", "asia", "comprehensive", "first-asia", "high-impact" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "japan-ai-guidelines", "name": "Japan AI Guidelines for Business (v1.0)", "jurisdiction": "Japan", "status": "In Effect (voluntary guidelines)", "signed_date": "2024-04-19", "effective_date": "2024-04-19", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2024-04-19", "description": "Guidelines published by METI and MIC", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2025-10-01", "description": "Updated guidelines incorporating international standards", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Voluntary guidelines for AI developers, providers, and users. Principles-based approach emphasizing human-centric AI, safety, and fairness. Japan is pursuing soft-law governance, avoiding hard regulation for now.", "penalties": "None — voluntary guidelines (potential future legislation under consideration)", "key_requirements": [ "Human-centric AI development", "Safety and resilience of AI systems", "Fairness and non-discrimination", "Privacy and data protection", "Transparency and explainability", "Accountability for AI outcomes", "Security measures for AI systems" ], "affected_entities": "AI developers, providers, and users in Japan (voluntary)", "enforcement_body": "Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) + Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC)", "sources": [ "https://www.meti.go.jp", "https://www.soumu.go.jp" ], "tags": [ "japan", "asia", "voluntary", "principles-based", "soft-law" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "singapore-model-ai-gov-v2", "name": "Singapore Model AI Governance Framework v2", "jurisdiction": "Singapore", "status": "In Effect (voluntary framework)", "signed_date": "2024-05-30", "effective_date": "2024-05-30", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2024-05-30", "description": "Framework v2 published at ATxSG", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2025-06-01", "description": "AI Testing toolkit released", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Updated governance framework covering generative AI. Provides practical guidance on accountability, data, testing, incidents, security, and AI for public good. Includes AI Verify testing toolkit.", "penalties": "None — voluntary framework", "key_requirements": [ "Accountability for AI outcomes", "Data governance and quality", "Testing and assurance via AI Verify", "Incident reporting and management", "Security and robustness", "Transparency and explainability", "AI for public good principles" ], "affected_entities": "AI developers and deployers in Singapore (voluntary)", "enforcement_body": "Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) + PDPC", "sources": [ "https://www.pdpc.gov.sg", "https://www.imda.gov.sg" ], "tags": [ "singapore", "asia", "voluntary", "framework", "generative-ai", "ai-verify" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "brazil-ai-bill-pl-2338", "name": "Brazil AI Bill (PL 2338/2023)", "jurisdiction": "Brazil", "status": "Proposed (in legislative process)", "signed_date": "N/A", "effective_date": "N/A — Under Senate consideration", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2023-05-30", "description": "Bill introduced in Senate", "status": "In Progress" }, { "date": "2024-12-10", "description": "Senate committee approved amended version", "status": "In Progress" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "description": "Full Senate vote expected", "status": "Upcoming" } ], "scope": "Comprehensive AI regulation bill modeled on EU AI Act. Risk-based tiers, rights for affected individuals, AI development obligations, and establishment of a national AI authority.", "penalties": "Proposed: up to BRL 50M (approximately $10M) or 2% of Brazilian revenue for serious violations.", "key_requirements": [ "Risk assessment and classification of AI systems", "Transparency and right to explanation for affected individuals", "Human oversight for high-risk AI", "Algorithmic impact assessments", "Data governance and quality standards", "Establishment of National AI Authority", "Prohibition of certain AI practices (social scoring, subliminal manipulation)" ], "affected_entities": "AI developers and deployers operating in Brazil", "enforcement_body": "Proposed: National AI Authority (Autoridade Nacional de IA)", "sources": [ "https://www25.senado.leg.br", "https://www.gov.br" ], "tags": [ "brazil", "south-america", "comprehensive", "proposed", "risk-based", "eu-inspired" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "india-dpdpa", "name": "India Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA)", "jurisdiction": "India", "status": "In Effect (rules pending)", "signed_date": "2023-08-11", "effective_date": "TBD (rules notification pending)", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2023-08-11", "description": "Act enacted by President", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "description": "Draft rules published for consultation", "status": "In Progress" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "description": "Final rules expected", "status": "Upcoming" } ], "scope": "Data protection law with direct AI implications — regulates processing of personal data used in AI training and deployment. Requires consent, purpose limitation, and data principal rights. India's primary AI-adjacent regulation until a dedicated AI law is enacted.", "penalties": "Up to INR 250 crore (approximately $30M) for non-compliance with data protection obligations.", "key_requirements": [ "Consent for processing personal data (including AI training data)", "Purpose limitation for data use", "Data principal rights: access, correction, erasure, grievance redressal", "Data breach notification requirements", "Data protection impact assessments for high-risk processing", "Appointment of Data Protection Officer", "Restrictions on processing children's data" ], "affected_entities": "All entities processing Indian citizens' personal data, including AI companies using Indian data", "enforcement_body": "Data Protection Board of India (to be constituted)", "sources": [ "https://www.meity.gov.in", "https://www.digitalpersona.in" ], "tags": [ "india", "asia", "data-protection", "consent", "ai-adjacent", "high-impact" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "nist-ai-rmf", "name": "NIST AI Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0)", "jurisdiction": "United States (Voluntary)", "status": "In Effect (voluntary framework)", "signed_date": "2023-01-26", "effective_date": "2023-01-26", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2023-01-26", "description": "Framework published", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "description": "Generative AI Profile published", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Voluntary framework for managing AI risks. Widely adopted as de facto standard by US agencies and companies.", "penalties": "None — voluntary framework", "key_requirements": [ "Govern: Establish culture and governance structures for AI risk", "Map: Contextualize AI systems and their risks", "Measure: Assess, analyze, and track AI risks", "Manage: Prioritize and act on risks" ], "affected_entities": "Any organization developing or deploying AI (voluntary)", "enforcement_body": "NIST (no enforcement — guidance only)", "sources": [ "https://www.nist.gov/itl/ai-risk-management-framework" ], "tags": [ "us-federal", "voluntary", "framework", "de-facto-standard" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "canada-aida", "name": "Canada AIDA (Proposed)", "jurisdiction": "Canada", "status": "Proposed (Bill C-27, not yet law)", "signed_date": "N/A", "effective_date": "N/A — Still in legislative process", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2023-04-24", "description": "First reading in House of Commons", "status": "In Progress" } ], "scope": "Would regulate high-impact AI systems. Focus on safety, bias mitigation, and accountability.", "penalties": "Proposed: up to CAD $25M or 5% of global revenue for serious offences", "key_requirements": [ "Would require risk assessments for high-impact systems", "Would mandate mitigation measures", "Would establish AI and Data Commissioner", "Would create criminal offences for reckless AI deployment" ], "affected_entities": "Would affect AI developers and deployers in Canada", "enforcement_body": "Proposed: AI and Data Commissioner", "sources": [ "https://ised-isde.canada.ca" ], "tags": [ "canada", "proposed", "high-impact", "pending" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-23" }, { "id": "oecd-ai-principles", "name": "OECD AI Principles (Updated 2024)", "jurisdiction": "International (OECD)", "status": "In Effect (voluntary, intergovernmental)", "signed_date": "2019-05-21", "effective_date": "2019-05-21", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2019-05-21", "description": "Original principles adopted by OECD Council", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2024-05-02", "description": "Updated principles adopted — incorporating generative AI", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "Intergovernmental guidelines for AI development and deployment. First intergovernmental standard on AI. Adopted by 47+ countries. 2024 update adds provisions on generative AI, information integrity, and misinformation.", "penalties": "None — voluntary intergovernmental guidelines", "key_requirements": [ "Inclusive growth, sustainable development and well-being", "Respect for human rights and democratic values, including fairness and privacy", "Transparency and explainability", "Robustness, security and safety", "Accountability", "Information integrity (2024 update — addressing AI-generated misinformation)" ], "affected_entities": "OECD member countries and organizations adopting the principles (voluntary)", "enforcement_body": "OECD AI Policy Observatory (no enforcement — guidance)", "sources": [ "https://oecd.ai", "https://legalinstruments.oecd.org" ], "tags": [ "international", "oecd", "voluntary", "principles", "intergovernmental", "foundational" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "unesco-ai-ethics", "name": "UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI", "jurisdiction": "International (UNESCO)", "status": "In Effect (voluntary, intergovernmental)", "signed_date": "2021-11-23", "effective_date": "2021-11-23", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2021-11-23", "description": "Adopted by 193 UNESCO member states", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2023-06-01", "description": "First global implementation report published", "status": "In Effect" }, { "date": "2025-09-01", "description": "Updated guidance on generative AI ethics", "status": "In Effect" } ], "scope": "First global standard on AI ethics, adopted by 193 member states. Covers human rights, dignity, environmental sustainability, and governance. Provides implementation methodology and readiness assessment tool.", "penalties": "None — voluntary intergovernmental recommendation", "key_requirements": [ "Human rights and human dignity as foundational principles", "Ensuring transparency and explainability of AI systems", "Fairness and non-discrimination in AI outcomes", "Environmental sustainability in AI development and deployment", "Accountability and responsibility for AI harms", "Data protection and privacy", "International cooperation on AI governance", "AI literacy and awareness promotion" ], "affected_entities": "UNESCO member states (193 countries) and organizations implementing the recommendation", "enforcement_body": "UNESCO (no enforcement — recommendation)", "sources": [ "https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence", "https://unesdoc.unesco.org" ], "tags": [ "international", "unesco", "voluntary", "ethics", "intergovernmental", "global", "human-rights" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" }, { "id": "coe-ai-convention", "name": "Council of Europe AI Convention (Framework Convention)", "jurisdiction": "International (Council of Europe)", "status": "Open for signature (not yet in force)", "signed_date": "2024-09-05", "effective_date": "TBD — requires 3 ratifications to enter into force", "key_dates": [ { "date": "2024-09-05", "description": "Opened for signature in Vilnius", "status": "In Progress" }, { "date": "2026-03-01", "description": "Expected entry into force (pending ratifications)", "status": "Upcoming" } ], "scope": "First international treaty on AI. Covers AI systems' lifecycle, protecting human rights, democracy, and rule of law. Open to non-European countries. Binding on ratifying parties.", "penalties": "Treaty obligations enforced through international law; monitoring mechanism to be established.", "key_requirements": [ "Protection of human rights in AI development and use", "Safeguarding democracy in AI deployment", "Upholding rule of law with AI systems", "Transparency and accountability obligations", "Risk assessment and mitigation framework", "Cross-border cooperation on AI risks", "Remedies for AI-caused harms" ], "affected_entities": "Countries ratifying the convention (currently open to Council of Europe members and non-member states)", "enforcement_body": "Council of Europe Conference of Parties (to be established upon entry into force)", "sources": [ "https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence", "https://rm.coe.int" ], "tags": [ "international", "council-of-europe", "treaty", "binding", "human-rights", "first-international-treaty" ], "last_updated": "2026-06-24" } ]